Battery fuel gauge for IoT devices

Advanced battery management for primary and rechargeable batteries

Nordic Semiconductor’s algorithm-based battery fuel gauge solution is an industry unique approach to battery management in IoT devices. It is highly accurate, consumes ultra-low power and does not require any extra components, let alone a dedicated chip. Tools for a streamlined development process enable easy integration of battery state of charge and state of health reporting into the application.

Why choose Nordics’s fuel gauge? 

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Accurate state of charge 

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Precision preserved over the lifetime of the battery

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Ultra-low power and low cost, requiring no extra components

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Accurate state of health 

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Accurate battery capacity and charge cycle tracking for timely replacement

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Fleet battery management via cloud

Why choose Nordic's fuel gauge solution?

Estimating battery state of charge isn’t new - but doing it accurately, efficiently, and at low cost has always involved tradeoffs. To be truly useful in modern IoT and consumer devices, a fuel gauge must check three boxes: high accuracy, ultra-low power consumption, and minimal system cost. Until now, you could only chose two. 

Nordic takes a smarter approach. Our algorithm-based fuel gauge method combines a battery model with real time PMIC voltage, current, and temperature data. The algorithm runs directly on the host controller. The result is the best of all worlds - accuracy comparable to high-end solutions, zero power draw during sleep, and virtually no added cost. With only a few kilobytes of flash required and no licensing fees, Nordic’s fuel gauge delivers precise battery insight without compromising battery life, design simplicity, or product cost. 

Nordic's differentiations 

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Accurate

The algorithm-based fuel gauge solution prevents surprise shutdowns by delivering reliable and accurate battery information - providing ±3% state of charge accuracy comparable to Coulomb counters for rechargeable batteries over the lifetime of the battery, with primary‑cell accuracy depending on battery chemistry 

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Ultra-low power

Designed for ultra‑low power operation, the fuel gauge runs only when the system is active—using just a few microamps—to deliver accurate battery information without draining energy in sleep, extending battery life and improving reliability in IOT devices.

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Low cost

Running on the host MCU, the algorithm‑based fuel gauge uses real‑time voltage, current, and temperature data from the PMIC to eliminate the need for a separate fuel‑gauge chip—reducing components, simplifying design, and lowering system cost without compromising accuracy or user experience. 

 

Rechargeable batteries

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The fuel gauge solution supports Lithium ion, Lithium polymer, and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO₄) batteries. If you require support for a battery type not currently on this list, additional chemistries may be supported upon request. Please contact the Nordic sales team for more information. 

All precision fuel gauges rely on battery profiling. Traditionally, this requires sending the battery to a PMIC vendor for characterization. Nordic simplifies this process with the nPM Power Up desktop application, enabling customers to profile their selected rechargeable battery themselves and easily integrate fuel gauging and battery health into the application - resulting in a faster, more streamlined development process. 

Technology

Nordic Fuel Gauge 

Open circuit voltage measuring

Coloumb counting fuel gauge IC

Pros

+ High accuracy

+ No additional energy usage

+ Best accuracy 

+ Ultra-low power consumption

+ No additional cost added to your bill-of-materials

 

+ No current draw at system-off

 

 

+ No added cost to your bill-of-materials

 

 

 

+ Battery health support

 

 

+ Adapts to battery ageing and over lifetime

 

 

+ Adapts to cell-to-cell variation across production batches

 

 

+ Accurate across the full operating temperature range

 

 

Cons

- Needs to be supported by PMIC

- Very low accuracy

- Draws current even at system-off to keep coloumb counter running

 

- Severly affected by temperature

- Expensive, adds components to your bill-of-materials (BoM)

For selected lithium ion polymer batteries from Renata, Nordic is also providing turnkey battery models ready to use. Explore the list of supported batteries

Primary cell batteries

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The solution supports any combination of standard 1.5 V nominal AA or AAA alkaline batteries in 1S or 2S configurations, as well as coin cell and button cell batteries such as CR2032 and LR44. If you require support for a battery type not currently listed, additional types may be supported upon request. Please contact the Nordic sales team for more information. 

Nordic has conducted extensive testing on primary cell batteries from leading brands and provides preconfigured generic battery models for each supported battery type in the nPM Power Up tool. This makes it easy to take advantage of fuel gauge functionality for primary cell applications, with minimal development effort.